Grade 02: Hindi

In this unit, 'Family and home words', you learn to name family members. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Family and home words' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: name family members, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Learn family words: माँ [mother], पिताजी [father], भाई [brother], बहन [sister], दादा [paternal grandfather], दादी [paternal grandmother], नाना [maternal grandfather], नानी [maternal grandmother], चाचा [paternal uncle]. Say each word and point to a family photo.
2. Step 2, Use मेरा, मेरी, मेरे [my]. मेरा भाई [my brother], मेरी बहन [my sister], मेरी माँ [my mother], मेरे पिताजी [my father]. Match with the noun: मेरा for a masculine noun, मेरी for a feminine noun, मेरे for a respectful or plural one.
3. Step 3, Introduce people. यह मेरी माँ हैं। [This is my mother.] ये मेरे दादाजी हैं। [This is my grandfather.] यह मेरा भाई है। [This is my brother.] वह मेरी बहन है। [That is my sister.] Elders take हैं as a mark of respect.
4. Step 4, Ask and answer. तुम्हारे घर में कौन-कौन है? [Who is in your house?] मेरे घर में माँ, पिताजी, दादी और मैं हैं। [In my house there are mother, father, grandmother and I.] घर में चार लोग हैं। [There are four people in the house.]
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says मेरा बहन. Correction: मेरी बहन, because बहन is feminine. Another slip is मेरी भाई; say मेरा भाई. Look at the noun first, then pick मेरा or मेरी.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write three sentences introducing your mother, brother and grandmother. Model answer: यह मेरी माँ हैं। यह मेरा भाई है। ये मेरी दादी हैं। [This is my mother. This is my brother. This is my grandmother.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Name family members: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Colours and numbers', you learn to name colours and numbers to 20. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Colours and numbers' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: name colours and numbers to 20, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Learn colours: लाल [red], नीला [blue], हरा [green], पीला [yellow], सफ़ेद [white], काला [black], गुलाबी [pink], नारंगी [orange]. Hold up crayons and ask: यह कौन-सा रंग है? [Which colour is this?] Answer: यह लाल है। [This is red.]
2. Step 2, Count from 1 to 10: एक, दो, तीन, चार, पाँच, छह, सात, आठ, नौ, दस. Then 11 to 20: ग्यारह, बारह, तेरह, चौदह, पंद्रह, सोलह, सत्रह, अठारह, उन्नीस, बीस. Count marbles, and say each number aloud.
3. Step 3, Make sentences. मेरे पास पाँच लाल गुब्बारे हैं। [I have five red balloons.] टोकरी में बारह आम हैं। [There are twelve mangoes in the basket.] आसमान नीला है। [The sky is blue.] Count and describe objects around you.
4. Step 4, Match colour words to the noun. हरा तोता [a green parrot], हरी मिर्च [a green chilli], हरे पत्ते [green leaves]. Colours ending in आ change: हरा for a masculine noun, हरी for a feminine noun, हरे for a plural masculine noun.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says हरा मिर्च. Correction: हरी मिर्च, because मिर्च is feminine. Also सत्रह is the number for 17 and अठारह is 18; keep the two apart by listening to the middle sound.
6. Step 6, Your turn: say you have fifteen yellow flowers and a blue bag. Model answer: मेरे पास पंद्रह पीले फूल हैं। मेरा बस्ता नीला है। [I have fifteen yellow flowers. My bag is blue.] Notice पीले agrees with the plural फूल.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Name colours and numbers to 20: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Animals and birds', you learn to name animals and birds. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Animals and birds' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: name animals and birds, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Name animals: शेर [lion], हाथी [elephant], बंदर [monkey], गाय [cow], कुत्ता [dog], बिल्ली [cat]. Then birds: तोता [parrot], मोर [peacock], कौआ [crow], चिड़िया [sparrow], कबूतर [pigeon]. Say each word and imitate the creature.
2. Step 2, Describe them in short sentences. हाथी बड़ा है। [The elephant is big.] तोता हरा है। [The parrot is green.] बिल्ली छोटी है। [The cat is small.] शेर दहाड़ता है। [The lion roars.] Notice बड़ा, छोटी change with the noun.
3. Step 3, Say what animals do. गाय दूध देती है। [The cow gives milk.] कौआ काँव-काँव करता है। [The crow caws.] मोर नाचता है। [The peacock dances.] चिड़िया पेड़ पर बैठी है। [The sparrow is sitting on the tree.]
4. Step 4, Ask and answer. तुम्हें कौन-सा जानवर पसंद है? [Which animal do you like?] मुझे हाथी पसंद है। [I like the elephant.] क्यों? [Why?] क्योंकि वह बहुत बड़ा है। [Because he is very big.]
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says तोता बैठी है. Correction: तोता बैठा है, because तोता is masculine. Likewise say चिड़िया बैठी है, because चिड़िया is feminine, not चिड़िया बैठा है.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write about a peacock and a cat. Model answer: मोर सुंदर है। वह नाचता है। बिल्ली छोटी है। वह दूध पीती है। [The peacock is beautiful. It dances. The cat is small. It drinks milk.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Name animals and birds: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Short sentences', you learn to read and write short sentences. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Short sentences' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read and write short sentences, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Learn the order of a Hindi sentence: who, what, action. लड़की किताब पढ़ती है। [The girl reads a book.] Here लड़की is the doer, किताब is the thing, पढ़ती है is the action. The action comes at the end.
2. Step 2, Make more sentences. लड़का फुटबॉल खेलता है। [The boy plays football.] माँ रोटी बनाती है। [Mother makes roti.] मैं पानी पीता हूँ। [I drink water, said by a boy.] मैं पानी पीती हूँ। [I drink water, said by a girl.]
3. Step 3, End sentences correctly. A full stop in Hindi is a vertical line। not a dot. Write: बच्चे स्कूल जाते हैं। [Children go to school.] Check that every sentence ends with the vertical line, and leave a space between words.
4. Step 4, Describe a picture. चित्र में एक लड़की है। [In the picture there is a girl.] वह फूल तोड़ती है। [She picks a flower.] पास में एक कुत्ता है। [Nearby there is a dog.] वह भौंकता है। [He barks.] Look at each picture and say three sentences.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child writes पढ़ती लड़की किताब है. Correction: लड़की किताब पढ़ती है। The action word should be at the end. Also check that the verb matches the doer: लड़का खेलता है, लड़की खेलती है.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write two sentences about a boy who drinks milk and a girl who reads. Model answer: लड़का दूध पीता है। लड़की किताब पढ़ती है। [The boy drinks milk. The girl reads a book.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Read and write short sentences: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

On the slide: L1 Basic · Greetings and first words

Notes: Greet people politely, say your name and name five family members in Hindi. Notes: teach नमस्ते (namaste, hello) and मेरा नाम ... है (mera naam ... hai, my name is ...) by ear; learners greet a partner and point to family photos while saying each word.

This course: Grade 02 Hindi is at this level. Its units include Family and home words; Colours and numbers; Animals and birds; Short sentences.

On the slide: L2 Awareness · The Devanagari script

Notes: Recognise the vowels and first consonants of Devanagari and copy them neatly under the top line. Notes: show how letters hang from a horizontal line, then write क (ka) with correct stroke order; learners find it in three printed words and read each one aloud.

On the slide: L3 Foundation · Simple sentences and postpositions

Notes: Read and write short sentences with verb at the end and use postpositions such as में (in) and पर (on). Notes: model किताब मेज़ पर है (kitaab mez par hai, the book is on the table); learners make five sentences about a classroom and draw each one.

On the slide: L4 Practitioner · Daily conversation and tenses

Notes: Hold a short conversation about daily life using present, past and future tenses with correct gender agreement. Notes: contrast वह जाता है (he goes) with वह जाती है (she goes); learners ask a partner what they did yesterday, then write six sentences marking each verb ending.

On the slide: L5 Specialist · Reading, writing and register

Notes: Read a news article and write a formal letter of about 200 words, choosing between polite and casual forms. Notes: compare आप, तुम and तू (you, three levels of respect) in one dialogue; learners rewrite it for a teacher, a friend and a child.

On the slide: L6 Advanced · Literature and linguistics

Notes: Analyse a Hindi poem or story for theme, form and vocabulary origins, and write a critical essay in Hindi. Notes: use a short poem; learners sort ten words into Sanskrit-derived, Persian-derived and English-derived, then argue in 500 words how word choice shapes tone.

On the slide: L7 Super expert · Research, translation and teaching

Notes: Design a research or translation project on Hindi language or literature, justify the method and present findings to peers. Notes: pick a topic such as code-switching in advertising; collect forty examples, classify them, discuss limits of the sample, and have a fluent reviewer check every claim.