Grade 04: Hindi

In this unit, 'Verbs and tenses introduction', you learn to use simple verbs. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Verbs and tenses introduction' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: use simple verbs, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, A verb tells an action. Learn five: खाना [to eat], पीना [to drink], पढ़ना [to read], खेलना [to play], जाना [to go]. Remove ना to get the stem: खा, पी, पढ़, खेल, जा. Say each stem and each full verb.
2. Step 2, Make the present tense: stem + ता, ती or ते, plus है, हूँ or हैं. मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। [I go to school, a boy speaking.] मैं स्कूल जाती हूँ। [A girl speaking.] वह खेलता है। [He plays.] हम पढ़ते हैं। [We read.]
3. Step 3, Make the past with जाना. कल मैं स्कूल गया। [Yesterday I went to school, a boy.] कल मैं स्कूल गई। [Yesterday I went to school, a girl.] हम बाज़ार गए। [We went to the market.] The ending shows gender and number.
4. Step 4, Make the future. कल मैं स्कूल जाऊँगा। [Tomorrow I will go to school, a boy.] कल मैं स्कूल जाऊँगी। [A girl.] हम बाग़ में खेलेंगे। [We will play in the garden.] Practise the same sentence in the three tenses.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says मैं स्कूल जाता है। Correction: मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। because मैं goes with हूँ. Another says वह खेलती हूँ। Correction: वह खेलती है। because वह goes with है.
6. Step 6, Your turn: say what you do today, did yesterday and will do tomorrow with पढ़ना. Model answer: आज मैं किताब पढ़ता हूँ। कल मैंने किताब पढ़ी। कल मैं कहानी पढ़ूँगा। [Today I read a book. Yesterday I read a book. Tomorrow I will read a story.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Use simple verbs: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Opposites and word meanings', you learn to use opposites. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Opposites and word meanings' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: use opposites, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Opposites (विलोम शब्द) mean the reverse. बड़ा–छोटा [big–small], ऊँचा–नीचा [high–low], गर्म–ठंडा [hot–cold], दिन–रात [day–night], आगे–पीछे [front–back]. Read each pair, then cover one word and say its opposite.
2. Step 2, More pairs. अंदर–बाहर [inside–outside], सच–झूठ [truth–lie], हँसना–रोना [to laugh–to cry], मीठा–कड़वा [sweet–bitter], नया–पुराना [new–old]. Make a pair card for each, with the word on one side and its opposite on the other.
3. Step 3, Use opposites in sentences. यह पहाड़ ऊँचा है और वह टीला नीचा है। [This mountain is high and that mound is low.] चाय गर्म है, पानी ठंडा है। [The tea is hot, the water is cold.] दिन में रोशनी होती है, रात में अँधेरा। [There is light in the day, darkness at night.]
4. Step 4, Match meaning with context. बच्चा अंदर है, बिल्ली बाहर है। [The child is inside, the cat is outside.] मीठा आम और कड़वा करेला [sweet mango and bitter gourd]. Use each pair in one sentence about a picture.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says the opposite of दिन is शाम. Correction: the opposite of दिन is रात; शाम is only part of the day. Adjectives must still agree: बड़ी मेज़ [big table] and छोटी कुर्सी [small chair], not बड़ा मेज़.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write the opposites of नया, अंदर and हँसना, then a sentence. Model answer: पुराना, बाहर, रोना। नया बस्ता पुराने बस्ते से अच्छा है। [Old, outside, to cry. The new bag is better than the old bag.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Use opposites: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Letters and short messages', you learn to write a short message. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Letters and short messages' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: write a short message, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Learn the parts of a short message: date, greeting, message and your name. Write 12 नवंबर 2026, then प्रिय रवि [Dear Ravi], then the message, then तुम्हारा मित्र, अमन [Your friend, Aman]. Copy the four parts in this order on a card.
2. Step 2, Write the message in two short sentences. कल मेरा जन्मदिन है [Tomorrow is my birthday]। तुम शाम चार बजे घर आना [Please come to my house at four in the evening]। End each sentence with the Hindi full stop, which is a straight line (।).
3. Step 3, Write a second kind of message, to a teacher. आदरणीय अध्यापिका जी [Respected teacher], मुझे बुखार है [I have a fever]। मैं आज स्कूल नहीं आ सकूँगा [I will not be able to come to school today]। धन्यवाद [Thank you]। A girl writes सकूँगी instead.
4. Step 4, Join two ideas with a small word. मुझे बुखार है, इसलिए मैं स्कूल नहीं आऊँगा [I have a fever, so I will not come to school]। The word क्योंकि [because] works the other way: मैं स्कूल नहीं आऊँगा, क्योंकि मुझे बुखार है। Say both aloud.
5. Step 5, Check your message. Does it have a greeting, a reason and a name? Did you use the line (।) and not a dot? A common error is writing तुम्हारा for a girl; she writes तुम्हारी सहेली [your friend, said by a girl]. Fix it before you hand it in.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write a message to your friend Meena inviting her to play cricket on Sunday at five. Model answer: प्रिय मीना [Dear Meena], रविवार को शाम पाँच बजे क्रिकेट खेलने आना [Please come to play cricket on Sunday at five]। तुम्हारी सहेली, रिया [Your friend, Riya]।

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Write a short message: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Speaking practice', you learn to speak in short sentences. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Speaking practice' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: speak in short sentences, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Introduce yourself in two short sentences. मेरा नाम सीमा है [My name is Seema]। मैं कक्षा चार में पढ़ती हूँ [I study in class four]। A boy says पढ़ता हूँ. Say both sentences aloud three times, slowly, looking at a friend.
2. Step 2, Say what you like. मुझे आम पसंद है [I like mangoes]। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना पसंद है [I like playing cricket]। Make two more with your own words, such as मुझे चित्र बनाना पसंद है [I like drawing pictures]। One idea in each sentence keeps speech clear.
3. Step 3, Talk about your family. मेरे घर में पाँच लोग हैं [There are five people in my house]। मेरी एक छोटी बहन है [I have one younger sister]। वह स्कूल जाती है [She goes to school]। Point to a family photo while you speak.
4. Step 4, Practise question and answer with a partner. तुम्हारा नाम क्या है? [What is your name?] मेरा नाम अमन है [My name is Aman]। तुम कहाँ रहते हो? [Where do you live?] मैं जयपुर में रहता हूँ [I live in Jaipur]। Swap roles and try again.
5. Step 5, Fix a common error. A learner says मैं स्कूल जाती है. Correction: मैं goes with हूँ, so say मैं स्कूल जाती हूँ [I go to school]। Also pause after each sentence, speak loudly enough for the back of the room, and do not rush.
6. Step 6, Your turn: say three short sentences about your favourite animal. Model answer: मेरा प्रिय जानवर हाथी है [My favourite animal is the elephant]। वह बहुत बड़ा है [He is very big]। वह घास खाता है [He eats grass]।

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Speak in short sentences: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

On the slide: L1 Basic · Greetings and first words

Notes: Greet people politely, say your name and name five family members in Hindi. Notes: teach नमस्ते (namaste, hello) and मेरा नाम ... है (mera naam ... hai, my name is ...) by ear; learners greet a partner and point to family photos while saying each word.

On the slide: L2 Awareness · The Devanagari script

Notes: Recognise the vowels and first consonants of Devanagari and copy them neatly under the top line. Notes: show how letters hang from a horizontal line, then write क (ka) with correct stroke order; learners find it in three printed words and read each one aloud.

This course: Grade 04 Hindi is at this level. Its units include Verbs and tenses introduction; Opposites and word meanings; Letters and short messages; Speaking practice.

On the slide: L3 Foundation · Simple sentences and postpositions

Notes: Read and write short sentences with verb at the end and use postpositions such as में (in) and पर (on). Notes: model किताब मेज़ पर है (kitaab mez par hai, the book is on the table); learners make five sentences about a classroom and draw each one.

On the slide: L4 Practitioner · Daily conversation and tenses

Notes: Hold a short conversation about daily life using present, past and future tenses with correct gender agreement. Notes: contrast वह जाता है (he goes) with वह जाती है (she goes); learners ask a partner what they did yesterday, then write six sentences marking each verb ending.

On the slide: L5 Specialist · Reading, writing and register

Notes: Read a news article and write a formal letter of about 200 words, choosing between polite and casual forms. Notes: compare आप, तुम and तू (you, three levels of respect) in one dialogue; learners rewrite it for a teacher, a friend and a child.

On the slide: L6 Advanced · Literature and linguistics

Notes: Analyse a Hindi poem or story for theme, form and vocabulary origins, and write a critical essay in Hindi. Notes: use a short poem; learners sort ten words into Sanskrit-derived, Persian-derived and English-derived, then argue in 500 words how word choice shapes tone.

On the slide: L7 Super expert · Research, translation and teaching

Notes: Design a research or translation project on Hindi language or literature, justify the method and present findings to peers. Notes: pick a topic such as code-switching in advertising; collect forty examples, classify them, discuss limits of the sample, and have a fluent reviewer check every claim.