Grade 05: Hindi

In this unit, 'Reading stories', you learn to read and understand a story. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Reading stories' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read and understand a story, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Read the first part of the story I wrote. गाँव के किनारे एक पुराना बरगद का पेड़ था। गर्मी में सब उसकी छाया में बैठते थे। [At the edge of the village there was an old banyan tree. In summer everyone sat in its shade.]
2. Step 2, Read the second part. एक दिन कुछ लोग पेड़ काटने आए। बच्चों ने मिलकर कहा, यह पेड़ हमारी छाया है। लोग रुक गए और पेड़ बच गया। [One day some men came to cut it. The children said together, This tree is our shade. The men stopped and the tree was saved.]
3. Step 3, Find the parts of the story. Setting: गाँव का किनारा [edge of the village]. Character: बच्चे और बरगद [the children and the banyan]. Problem: लोग पेड़ काटने आए [men came to cut the tree]. Solution: बच्चों ने उन्हें रोका [the children stopped them].
4. Step 4, Answer questions. सब गर्मी में कहाँ बैठते थे? [Where did everyone sit in summer?] सब पेड़ की छाया में बैठते थे। [Everyone sat in the shade of the tree.] पेड़ क्यों बच गया? [Why was the tree saved?] क्योंकि बच्चों ने लोगों को रोका। [Because the children stopped the men.]
5. Step 5, Find the moral. कहानी की सीख है कि पेड़ हमारे मित्र हैं और हमें उनकी रक्षा करनी चाहिए। [The moral is that trees are our friends and we should protect them.] Say the moral in your own words, starting with हमें.
6. Step 6, Fix an error. A child retells it as बरगद के पेड़ ने लोगों को रोका. Correction: the story says बच्चों ने लोगों को रोका। Check who did the action before you answer; a wrong doer changes the meaning of the story.
7. Step 7, Your turn: summarise the story in three sentences. Model answer: एक गाँव में पुराना बरगद का पेड़ था। कुछ लोग उसे काटने आए। बच्चों ने उन्हें रोका और पेड़ बच गया। [In a village there was an old banyan tree. Some men came to cut it. The children stopped them and the tree was saved.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Read and understand a story: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Nouns, pronouns and adjectives', you learn to use them correctly. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Nouns, pronouns and adjectives' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: use them correctly, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, A noun (संज्ञा) names something: लड़का, किताब, दिल्ली. A pronoun (सर्वनाम) replaces a noun: मैं, तुम, वह, हम, यह, वे. An adjective (विशेषण) describes a noun: लंबा, सुंदर, मीठा. Find one of each in this sentence: लड़का लंबा है।
2. Step 2, Use pronouns to avoid repeating. Without: लड़की किताब पढ़ती है। लड़की रोज़ पढ़ती है। Better: लड़की किताब पढ़ती है। वह रोज़ पढ़ती है। [The girl reads a book. She reads every day.] मैं, तुम, वह are for I, you and he or she.
3. Step 3, Match adjectives to nouns. अच्छा लड़का [good boy], अच्छी लड़की [good girl], अच्छे लड़के [good boys]. Adjectives ending in आ change with the noun. सुंदर does not change: सुंदर लड़का, सुंदर लड़की, सुंदर लड़के.
4. Step 4, Use all three in a paragraph. लंबा लड़का मेरा दोस्त है। वह तेज़ दौड़ता है। छोटी लड़की मेरी सहेली है। वह मीठा गाना गाती है। [The tall boy is my friend. He runs fast. The small girl is my friend. She sings a sweet song.] Underline the nouns, circle the pronouns.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child writes अच्छी लड़का. Correction: अच्छा लड़का because लड़का is masculine. Another writes मैं और तुम खेलते है. Correction: हम खेलते हैं। or मैं और तुम खेलते हैं। because the doers are plural.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write two sentences about a girl and a boy using a pronoun and an adjective each. Model answer: यह लड़की होशियार है। वह रोज़ पढ़ती है। यह लड़का बहादुर है। वह नहीं डरता। [This girl is clever. She studies every day. This boy is brave. He does not fear.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Use them correctly: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Prefixes and suffixes', you learn to build new words. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Prefixes and suffixes' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: build new words, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, A prefix (उपसर्ग) comes before a word and changes its meaning. अ + सफल = असफल [unsuccessful], सु + गंध = सुगंध [fragrance], कु + संग = कुसंग [bad company], नि + डर = निडर [fearless]. Say each word and then its meaning.
2. Step 2, A suffix (प्रत्यय) comes after a word. बच्चा + पन = बचपन [childhood], दोस्त + ई = दोस्ती [friendship], सुंदर + ता = सुंदरता [beauty], दूध + वाला = दूधवाला [milkman]. Write each word and circle the added part.
3. Step 3, Use new words in sentences. उसने असफल होकर भी कोशिश नहीं छोड़ी। [Even after failing he did not give up.] फूलों की सुगंध बहुत अच्छी थी। [The fragrance of the flowers was very good.] बचपन की यादें मीठी होती हैं। [Childhood memories are sweet.]
4. Step 4, Build five new words. नि + र्भय = निर्भय [without fear], बे + घर = बेघर [homeless], अपना + पन = अपनापन [feeling of belonging], गरीब + ई = गरीबी [poverty], अ + न्याय = अन्याय [injustice]. Say each in a sentence.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child writes अ + आदर as अआदर. Correction: अनादर [disrespect], because before a vowel अ becomes अन्. Another writes सफलअ for unsuccessful; the prefix goes before: असफल.
6. Step 6, Your turn: build words with अ, सु and ई and use one. Model answer: अ + स्वस्थ = अस्वस्थ [unwell], सु + पुत्र = सुपुत्र [good son], खेत + ई = खेती [farming]. किसान खेती करते हैं। [Farmers do farming.]

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Build new words: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Synonyms and opposites', you learn to use synonyms and antonyms. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Synonyms and opposites' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: use synonyms and antonyms, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Synonyms (पर्यायवाची शब्द) mean the same. सूरज = सूर्य = दिनकर [sun], चाँद = चंद्रमा = शशि [moon], पानी = जल = नीर [water], फूल = पुष्प = सुमन [flower]. Read each row aloud.
2. Step 2, Use synonyms to vary a sentence. सूरज उगता है। सूर्य की किरणें खेत पर पड़ती हैं। [The sun rises. The sun's rays fall on the field.] Here सूरज and सूर्य mean the same, which avoids repeating one word.
3. Step 3, Antonyms (विलोम शब्द) mean the reverse. सुख–दुख [joy–sorrow], आशा–निराशा [hope–despair], मित्र–शत्रु [friend–enemy], जीत–हार [win–loss], आना–जाना [to come–to go]. Make flashcards and test a partner.
4. Step 4, Use both in one paragraph. मित्र सुख में साथ रहता है और दुख में भी। हार से निराशा नहीं, सीख मिलती है। [A friend stays with you in joy and in sorrow too. From a loss you get a lesson, not despair.] Underline each antonym pair.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says the opposite of बहादुर [brave] is मूर्ख [foolish]. Correction: the opposite of बहादुर is कायर [cowardly]. Opposites must be on the same idea; मूर्ख is the opposite of समझदार [wise].
6. Step 6, Your turn: give a synonym for पानी and an antonym for जीत, then write one sentence. Model answer: जल; हार. जल जीवन के लिए ज़रूरी है। [Water is necessary for life.] Both words are used correctly.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Use synonyms and antonyms: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

On the slide: L1 Basic · Greetings and first words

Notes: Greet people politely, say your name and name five family members in Hindi. Notes: teach नमस्ते (namaste, hello) and मेरा नाम ... है (mera naam ... hai, my name is ...) by ear; learners greet a partner and point to family photos while saying each word.

On the slide: L2 Awareness · The Devanagari script

Notes: Recognise the vowels and first consonants of Devanagari and copy them neatly under the top line. Notes: show how letters hang from a horizontal line, then write क (ka) with correct stroke order; learners find it in three printed words and read each one aloud.

This course: Grade 05 Hindi is at this level. Its units include Reading stories; Nouns, pronouns and adjectives; Prefixes and suffixes; Synonyms and opposites.

On the slide: L3 Foundation · Simple sentences and postpositions

Notes: Read and write short sentences with verb at the end and use postpositions such as में (in) and पर (on). Notes: model किताब मेज़ पर है (kitaab mez par hai, the book is on the table); learners make five sentences about a classroom and draw each one.

On the slide: L4 Practitioner · Daily conversation and tenses

Notes: Hold a short conversation about daily life using present, past and future tenses with correct gender agreement. Notes: contrast वह जाता है (he goes) with वह जाती है (she goes); learners ask a partner what they did yesterday, then write six sentences marking each verb ending.

On the slide: L5 Specialist · Reading, writing and register

Notes: Read a news article and write a formal letter of about 200 words, choosing between polite and casual forms. Notes: compare आप, तुम and तू (you, three levels of respect) in one dialogue; learners rewrite it for a teacher, a friend and a child.

On the slide: L6 Advanced · Literature and linguistics

Notes: Analyse a Hindi poem or story for theme, form and vocabulary origins, and write a critical essay in Hindi. Notes: use a short poem; learners sort ten words into Sanskrit-derived, Persian-derived and English-derived, then argue in 500 words how word choice shapes tone.

On the slide: L7 Super expert · Research, translation and teaching

Notes: Design a research or translation project on Hindi language or literature, justify the method and present findings to peers. Notes: pick a topic such as code-switching in advertising; collect forty examples, classify them, discuss limits of the sample, and have a fluent reviewer check every claim.