Grade 09: Hindi

In this unit, 'Prose and travel writing', you learn to read and summarise. You work with notes, a worked line and a self-mark. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Prose and travel writing' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read and summarise, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Read my travel passage. सुबह जब हमारी ट्रेन हिमालय की तलहटी में पहुँची, तो ठंडी हवा ने हमारा स्वागत किया। खिड़की के बाहर देवदार के ऊँचे पेड़ और बादलों में छिपी चोटियाँ दिखाई दे रही थीं। [When our train reached the Himalayan foothills, cold air welcomed us. Outside, tall deodar trees and cloud-hidden peaks were visible.]
2. Step 2, Read the end. एक छोटे-से ढाबे पर हमने गरम चाय पी और स्थानीय लोगों से बातें कीं। उस दिन मुझे लगा कि यात्रा केवल जगह बदलना नहीं, नज़रिया बदलना भी है। [At a small eatery we drank hot tea and chatted with locals. I felt that travel also changes one's outlook.]
3. Step 3, Notice the features of travel writing (यात्रा-वृत्तांत): first person (हमारी, मुझे), description of sights and weather, small events, and a closing thought. Find an example of each in the passage and mark it with a different colour.
4. Step 4, Write a summary. लेखक की ट्रेन हिमालय की तलहटी में पहुँची। उन्होंने पेड़ और चोटियाँ देखीं, चाय पी और स्थानीय लोगों से बात की। उन्होंने सीखा कि यात्रा दृष्टिकोण भी बदलती है। [The writer's train reached the Himalayan foothills. They saw trees and peaks, drank tea and spoke with locals. They learned that travel changes viewpoint.]
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A student copies every description of scenery into the summary. Correction: keep only main events and the final thought; the summary should be about a third of the length, in your own words, without your opinion.
6. Step 6, Your turn: answer what the writer felt at the end. Model answer: लेखक को लगा कि यात्रा केवल नई जगह देखना नहीं है, बल्कि सोचने का तरीका बदलना भी है। [The writer felt that travel is not only seeing a new place but also changing the way one thinks.]

Activity. About 30 to 40 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: a worked task and a corrected copy.

Standard to meet. Read and summarise: at least 8 of 10 marks on a short task, with one line of reasoning for each answer.

In this unit, 'Poetry: devotional and classical', you learn to read and explain. You work with notes, a worked line and a self-mark. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Poetry: devotional and classical' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read and explain, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Read the couplet I wrote in devotional style. सच्चा मन ही मंदिर है, सेवा ही है पूजा। जो दुखियों के आँसू पोंछे, उससे बड़ा न दूजा। [A sincere heart is the temple, and service is worship. One who wipes the tears of the suffering has no equal.]
2. Step 2, Understand the words. मंदिर [temple], सेवा [service], पूजा [worship], दुखी [suffering], आँसू [tears], पोंछना [to wipe], दूजा [another]. Note the rhyme: पूजा and दूजा end in the same sound.
3. Step 3, Explain the meaning. The poet says that worship is not only ritual but kindness. The heart is a temple, so goodness inside matters most. Write: कवि के अनुसार सच्ची भक्ति दूसरों की सेवा में है। [According to the poet, true devotion lies in serving others.]
4. Step 4, Name the style. Devotional poems (भक्ति काव्य) praise goodness and ask the reader to live well. Classical couplets state a truth in two lines with a clear image, such as आँसू पोंछना. Read aloud, pausing at the comma, then at the end of each line.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A student says the poem teaches only to go to the temple. Correction: it says the heart is the temple, so the teaching is service and kindness. Always explain the idea, not just the words.
6. Step 6, Your turn: explain the second line in your own words. Model answer: जो व्यक्ति दुखी लोगों की सहायता करता है, वही सबसे महान है। [The person who helps the suffering is the greatest.] This keeps the poet's meaning.

Activity. About 30 to 40 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: a worked task and a corrected copy.

Standard to meet. Read and explain: at least 8 of 10 marks on a short task, with one line of reasoning for each answer.

In this unit, 'Grammar: sentence types and vocabulary', you learn to use correctly. You work with notes, a worked line and a self-mark. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Grammar: sentence types and vocabulary' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: use correctly, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Sentences by meaning. विधानवाचक: राम पढ़ता है। [statement] निषेधवाचक: राम नहीं पढ़ता। [negative] प्रश्नवाचक: क्या राम पढ़ता है? [question] आज्ञावाचक: बैठ जाओ। [command] विस्मयादिबोधक: वाह! कितना सुंदर! [exclamation] इच्छावाचक: ईश्वर करे तुम सफल हो। [wish].
2. Step 2, Sentences by structure. सरल: राम पढ़ता है। [simple: one verb] संयुक्त: राम पढ़ता है और श्याम खेलता है। [compound: two equal clauses] मिश्र: जो मेहनत करता है, वह सफल होता है। [complex: a main and a dependent clause].
3. Step 3, Vocabulary types. तत्सम words come straight from Sanskrit: सूर्य [sun]. तद्भव words come from them but changed: सूरज. Others: अग्नि–आग, रात्रि–रात. Use each in a sentence: सूर्य पूर्व में उगता है। [The sun rises in the east.]
4. Step 4, Identify types in a paragraph. क्या तुम कल आओगे? (प्रश्नवाचक) हाँ, मैं आऊँगा। (विधानवाचक) देर मत करना। (निषेध or आज्ञा) वाह, कितना अच्छा मौसम! (विस्मय) Say the type of each sentence and what clue tells you.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A student labels क्या तुम आओगे? as आज्ञावाचक. Correction: it is प्रश्नवाचक because it asks a question. Another calls राम पढ़ता है और श्याम खेलता है a simple sentence; it has two clauses, so it is compound.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write one question and one complex sentence. Model answer: क्या तुमने गृहकार्य कर लिया? जब बारिश होती है, तब किसान खुश हो जाते हैं। [Have you done your homework? When it rains, farmers become happy.] The second has a dependent clause.

Activity. About 30 to 40 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: a worked task and a corrected copy.

Standard to meet. Use correctly: at least 8 of 10 marks on a short task, with one line of reasoning for each answer.

In this unit, 'Unseen passage and comprehension', you learn to answer in full. You work with notes, a worked line and a self-mark. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Unseen passage and comprehension' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: answer in full, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Read the unseen passage. पानी हमारे जीवन का आधार है, फिर भी हम इसे बेदर्दी से बहाते हैं। एक नल से टपकती हर बूँद दिन भर में कई लीटर पानी बर्बाद कर देती है। [Water is the basis of life, yet we waste it carelessly. Each dripping drop from a tap wastes many litres a day.]
2. Step 2, Read the rest. वर्षा का जल एकत्र करके हम इसे बगीचे और सफ़ाई में उपयोग कर सकते हैं। यदि हर परिवार थोड़ी-सी सावधानी बरते, तो आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए पानी बचा रहेगा। [By collecting rainwater we can use it for gardens and cleaning. If every family takes a little care, water will remain for coming generations.]
3. Step 3, Answer literal questions in full sentences. हम वर्षा के जल का क्या उपयोग कर सकते हैं? [How can we use rainwater?] हम वर्षा के जल को एकत्र करके बगीचे और सफ़ाई में उपयोग कर सकते हैं। [By collecting it we can use it for gardens and cleaning.]
4. Step 4, Answer vocabulary, inference and title. आधार का अर्थ है सहारा। [आधार means support.] नल की टपकती बूँद क्यों हानिकारक है? क्योंकि वह दिन भर में बहुत पानी बर्बाद करती है। [A dripping tap harms because it wastes much water.] Title: जल बचाओ.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A student answers क्यों हानिकारक है? with बहुत पानी, which is incomplete. Correction: write a full answer starting from the question words: टपकती बूँद इसलिए हानिकारक है क्योंकि वह दिन भर में कई लीटर पानी बर्बाद कर देती है।
6. Step 6, Your turn: answer what happens if every family takes care. Model answer: यदि हर परिवार थोड़ी-सी सावधानी बरतेगा, तो आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए पानी बचा रहेगा। [If every family takes a little care, water will remain for future generations.]

Activity. About 30 to 40 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: a worked task and a corrected copy.

Standard to meet. Answer in full: at least 8 of 10 marks on a short task, with one line of reasoning for each answer.

On the slide: L1 Basic · Greetings and first words

Notes: Greet people politely, say your name and name five family members in Hindi. Notes: teach नमस्ते (namaste, hello) and मेरा नाम ... है (mera naam ... hai, my name is ...) by ear; learners greet a partner and point to family photos while saying each word.

On the slide: L2 Awareness · The Devanagari script

Notes: Recognise the vowels and first consonants of Devanagari and copy them neatly under the top line. Notes: show how letters hang from a horizontal line, then write क (ka) with correct stroke order; learners find it in three printed words and read each one aloud.

On the slide: L3 Foundation · Simple sentences and postpositions

Notes: Read and write short sentences with verb at the end and use postpositions such as में (in) and पर (on). Notes: model किताब मेज़ पर है (kitaab mez par hai, the book is on the table); learners make five sentences about a classroom and draw each one.

On the slide: L4 Practitioner · Daily conversation and tenses

Notes: Hold a short conversation about daily life using present, past and future tenses with correct gender agreement. Notes: contrast वह जाता है (he goes) with वह जाती है (she goes); learners ask a partner what they did yesterday, then write six sentences marking each verb ending.

This course: Grade 09 Hindi is at this level. Its units include Prose and travel writing; Poetry: devotional and classical; Grammar: sentence types and vocabulary; Unseen passage and comprehension.

On the slide: L5 Specialist · Reading, writing and register

Notes: Read a news article and write a formal letter of about 200 words, choosing between polite and casual forms. Notes: compare आप, तुम and तू (you, three levels of respect) in one dialogue; learners rewrite it for a teacher, a friend and a child.

On the slide: L6 Advanced · Literature and linguistics

Notes: Analyse a Hindi poem or story for theme, form and vocabulary origins, and write a critical essay in Hindi. Notes: use a short poem; learners sort ten words into Sanskrit-derived, Persian-derived and English-derived, then argue in 500 words how word choice shapes tone.

On the slide: L7 Super expert · Research, translation and teaching

Notes: Design a research or translation project on Hindi language or literature, justify the method and present findings to peers. Notes: pick a topic such as code-switching in advertising; collect forty examples, classify them, discuss limits of the sample, and have a fluent reviewer check every claim.