Module 1 Know your customer and market 4 hAnalyse
Every sound business in oil & gas begins with one clear customer and one clear problem. In São Paulo and the wider state, demand is real but crowded, so a small, well-described customer group wins before a broad one.
- In oil & gas: Customers are operators and contractors who buy on safety record first, price second.
- Write the customer in one sentence: an operator or contractor. Add the place, the moment of need and what they use today.
- List five rivals or substitutes within reach. For each, record price, strength, weakness and how people reach it.
- Interview at least eight real customers with open questions. Record exact words, not your summary.
- Count the market in units: how many job orders could one area buy in a month? Use two public sources and your own count, then take the lower figure.
- Choose one first segment and say why the others wait.
Worked example. Weak: 'Everyone needs a field or supply-chain service.' Strong: 'Our first customer is an operator or contractor within 8 km of the centre, who today pays R$ 24.200 per job order and complains about delay. We target 6 job orders a month by month three.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: ten customers are interviewed for oil & gas. Seven say price, two say speed, one says trust. Question: which first message do you write, and which interview record backs it? Model answer: lead with the job order price and speed promise, keep trust proof as the second line, and cite the seven price answers by date.
Activity. Write the one-sentence customer, a five-row rival table and eight interview records. Share them with a peer for a challenge round.
Standard to meet. Define a specific customer, build a rival table with prices, and trace every claim to an interview or a source.
Module 2 Rules, registration and data duties in Brazil 4 hUnderstand
Brazil asks every trader to be visible and accountable. Know which register, tax regime and sector rules apply before the first sale, and check each against the current official text.
- In oil & gas: The sector regulator (ANP) and environmental bodies set licensing; contractors must show insurance, training and audit records.
- Choose a legal form: micro-entrepreneur (MEI) only if your activity appears on the official MEI list, or a company registered with a CNPJ. Regulated activities need their sector authorisation first. Check the current limits and lists on the official portal.
- Learn the tax regime that fits your size and write down which taxes you will collect and pay, and when.
- Find the sector rules for oil & gas: licences, inspections, professional registers. List each with the office that issues it and the renewal date.
- Personal data of customers falls under Brazil's data protection law (LGPD). Collect only what you need, say why, keep it safe, and name who answers questions.
- Consumer law gives buyers clear rights on information, returns and complaints. Put your terms in plain Portuguese.
Worked example. Checklist for a new oil & gas trader: 1) legal form (CNPJ, or MEI only if your activity is on the official list); 2) city operating licence; 3) sector licence or register; 4) tax set-up; 5) privacy notice; 6) written terms. Each has an owner and a date.
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a neighbour says registration can wait until the first R$ 110.000 of sales. Question: what do you do? Model answer: do not delay; write the compliance table first, confirm the register, tax and sector licence with the official office, and start only where the table shows no open blocker.
Activity. Build your own six-line compliance table for your first location. Mark what is done, what is pending and who confirms it.
Standard to meet. Cite an official source for every line, assume nothing, and date every pending item. Local law always wins over this course.
Module 3 Design the offer 4 hCreate
An offer states what the customer gets, how well, by when and at what price. For a field or supply-chain service, the offer must make the quality visible and the next step easy.
- In oil & gas: Offer a service package with scope, crew, equipment, permits and a safety plan in one file.
- Describe the core offer in three lines: what is delivered (a field or supply-chain service), the standard it meets, and the time it takes.
- Add one proof for each promise: a sample, a test result, a guarantee or a customer record.
- Price from cost upward and from customer value downward, then pick a price inside both.
- Write a simple one-page terms sheet: what is included, what is extra, how to cancel.
- Create two options at most, so choice stays easy.
Worked example. Offer: 'A field or supply-chain service, delivered within agreed time, checked against a written standard, price R$ 22.000 per job order. Proof: a dated record the customer can check and sign. Changes or cancellation by written agreement before work begins.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a customer asks for a discount from R$ 22.000 to R$ 19.800 per job order. Question: decide with numbers. Model answer: contribution falls from R$ 7.000 to R$ 4.800 per job order; offer an extra of value (for example faster service) before cutting price, and accept only if the lower contribution still clears break-even.
Longer notes. Define the offer as a job order with a written scope: the task, the site, the permit required, the number of days, the crew, the materials and the final test with its acceptance criterion. Price each job from crew days, consumables, transport and test equipment, and add an allowance for waiting for permits. Keep the yard, vehicles, insurance and office salaries as fixed cost. Walk the site before quoting and record the hazards found. Before you bid, confirm the sector contract terms, the environmental licence the site needs and the safety rules for the work.
Extra worked example. A job order is sold at R$ 22.000. Crew costs R$ 9.000, materials R$ 4.000 and transport R$ 2.000 (a worked-example split, not market data), so its own cost is R$ 15.000 and the margin is R$ 7.000, or 31,8%. With 10 job orders a month, revenue is R$ 220.000 and contribution R$ 70.000. After R$ 60.000 of fixed cost, the result is R$ 10.000. Nine jobs already cover the R$ 60.000 of yard, insurance and office, and the tenth lifts the month to R$ 10.000.
Activity. Write the offer card, the proof list and the terms sheet. Test them with three customers and note every point where they hesitated.
Standard to meet. Check that promise, proof and price are consistent, fit the terms on one page, and record three customer reactions.
Module 4 Run the work step by step 5 hApply
Good operations make results repeatable. For oil & gas, write each step so a new person could follow it on their first day, and measure each step.
- In oil & gas: Use a permit-to-work system: no hot work, confined space or lifting without a signed permit.
- Map the process from first contact to paid and closed. Typical stages: enquiry, quote, preparation, delivery of the job order, check, payment, follow-up.
- Name the key resource at each stage: a permit-to-work system. Note what happens if it is missing.
- Write a one-page standard procedure per stage: who, what, tool, time, record.
- Choose three measures: speed, quality (errors per 100) and customer rating. Review them every week.
- Fix the cause of a defect, not the symptom. Ask 'why' five times and record the answer.
Worked example. Stage record: 'Prepare. Owner: lead. Time: 30 min. Tool: checklist. Record: signed sheet. Defect found on 1 of 2 job orders last week; cause: missing check on a permit-to-work system; fix: add check at start, review next Friday.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: of 10 job orders last month, 1 had a defect traced to a permit-to-work system. Question: what is the defect rate and what is your first action? Model answer: about 10 defects per 100; stop the cause (add a check at the start), correct affected customers, log the cause, and re-measure next week.
Activity. Draw the process map and write procedures for the two riskiest stages. Run each once and time it.
Standard to meet. Write procedures a stranger can follow, record weekly numbers for each measure, and trace one defect to a root cause.
Module 5 Safety, quality and risk 4 hEvaluate
The most serious risk in this field is a leak, fire or stoppage. A calm, written risk routine protects people first and the business second.
- In oil & gas: Run job safety analysis before each task and stop-work authority for every worker.
- List ten things that could go wrong. Score each for how likely (1 to 5) and how serious (1 to 5). Multiply and sort.
- For the top five, choose a control: remove the hazard, replace it, guard it, train people, or use protective gear, in that order of preference.
- Write who does what in an emergency, and rehearse it once a quarter.
- Keep an incident and near-miss log. Near-misses are free lessons.
- Check that insurance and legal duties match the risk you actually carry.
Worked example. Risk row: 'Hazard: a leak, fire or stoppage. Likelihood 3, severity 5, score 15. Control: written check before each job order, trained staff, log sheet. Owner: site lead. Review monthly.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a near-miss occurs: a leak, fire or stoppage nearly happened but no one was hurt. Question: what do you do in the next 24 hours? Model answer: make safe, record the event, ask the five whys, add or tighten one control, brief the team, and set a review date; near-misses count as lessons, not blame.
Activity. Build a ten-row risk register and a one-page emergency plan. Run a ten-minute drill with a peer and note two improvements.
Standard to meet. Rank controls by preference for the top risks, run the drill, and start the log. Where a regulation applies, follow the official rule.
Module 6 People, skills and service 4 hApply
People deliver the promise. Define roles, train to a standard and give feedback in the open.
- In oil & gas: Certify workers for height, confined space, firefighting and first aid; track expiry dates.
- Write a role card for each person: purpose, five tasks, the standard for each, and who to ask for help.
- Train by showing, doing with support, then doing alone with a check. Record sign-off per task.
- Set service rules for answering customers: reply times, tone, how to apologise and fix.
- Hold a ten-minute team check each day: yesterday's problem, today's plan, one risk.
- Build a growth path: what a new person can do in week 1, month 3 and month 12.
Worked example. Training record: 'Task: process a complaint. Shown 2 May; done with support 4 May; done alone 8 May, checked: apology, fix, follow-up call. Signed by lead.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a new hire completes training but a customer complaint shows a skipped step. Question: whose gap is it? Model answer: first the system: check the role card, the training sign-off and the checklist; then coach the person and fix the document so the step cannot be skipped.
Longer notes. Plan the crews from the permits and the calendar of each job. Write the crew roles, the safety briefing, the isolation steps and the person who may stop the work. Check every worker's training record and fitness for the task before the permit is signed. Keep a daily log of hours worked, incidents and near misses. Rehearse the emergency plan for each site. Rotate the supervisor so that fatigue does not build up. Match each worker to the safety certificates and working-hour limits the rules set. Hold a toolbox talk at the start of every shift and record who attended.
Extra worked example. Each job order needs 4 crew-days (a worked-example figure, not market data). 10 jobs need 40 crew-days. A month has 22 working days, so two crews give 44 crew-days and are used 91% of the time. A single overrun of 2 days costs 2 x R$ 2.250 = R$ 4.500, which cuts that job's margin from R$ 7.000 to R$ 2.500. Two late jobs in one month would use up all 4 spare crew-days and leave no room for a rush order.
Activity. Write two role cards and a training plan for one new hire. Role-play a hard customer conversation twice and review.
Standard to meet. Write role cards with measurable standards, show the sign-off steps in training, and write the service rules in plain words.
Module 7 Money: cost, price and break-even 5 hAnalyse
A business lives or dies on a few numbers. Know your contribution per unit, your fixed costs and the volume you need.
- In oil & gas: Cost every job with standby, travel and inspection time; late payment is common, so check credit terms.
- Contribution per job order = price minus variable cost. Fixed costs are paid whether you sell or not.
- Break-even units = fixed cost divided by contribution. Plan to pass it by a safe margin.
- Make a 12-month cash plan. Cash timing matters as much as profit: customers may pay late, suppliers may want money first.
- Keep money for business and money for the owner apart.
- Test the plan: what if sales fall by a quarter, or cost rises by a tenth?
Worked example. Worked example, all figures in reais: price R$ 22.000, variable cost R$ 15.000, contribution R$ 7.000 per job order. Fixed cost R$ 60.000 a month. Break-even = R$ 60.000 / R$ 7.000 = 8,57, so 9 job orders a month. At 10 job orders a month, profit = R$ 7.000 x 10 - R$ 60.000 = R$ 10.000. These are teaching figures that belong to this example only; later examples and the case study use their own figures. Use your own.
Second worked scenario. Scenario: sales fall to 7 job orders a month. Question: what is the monthly result? Model answer: R$ 7.000 x 7 - R$ 60.000 = R$ -11.000; compare with break-even of 9 job orders and decide whether to cut fixed cost or raise volume first. Teaching figures only.
Activity. Build your own table: price, variable cost, contribution, fixed cost, break-even and a downside case at 75% of sales. Show it to a peer or mentor.
Standard to meet. Calculate correctly, give every figure a source or mark it as an assumption, and show a downside case.
Module 8 Grow, measure and renew 4 hEvaluate
Growth should follow proof. Measure, learn, then add; and keep returning to the customer.
- In oil & gas: Grow by passing audits: a clean record is the best sales tool.
- Pick one growth lever at a time: new customers, a higher repeat rate, a better price, or a new offer.
- Set one measurable target for 90 days, such as 'raise repeat customers from 20% to 30%'.
- Ask each customer how they found you, and record it. Spend more where the record shows results.
- Review monthly: numbers, defects, complaints, cash. Write three decisions each time.
- Plan the renewal of licences, equipment and skills a year ahead.
Worked example. 90-day plan: 'Lever: repeat customers. Action: follow-up call after every job order. Target: repeat rate from 20% to 30%. Check: weekly count. Review date: day 45 and day 90.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: you can add 2 job orders a month by one of two levers: a follow-up call to past customers or a price rise of R$ 2.200 to R$ 24.200. Question: how do you choose? Model answer: test the cheaper reversible lever first (the call), measure for 30 days, and only then try the price change, so you can tell which one worked.
Longer notes. Grow by winning more of the jobs you already price. Record every tender with its value, the date, the result and the reason for losing. Visit the operators' maintenance planners twice a year to learn their calendar. Ask for feedback after each job and keep the acceptance certificate. Compare clients by margin and payment time, not by value alone. Do not bid on jobs outside the crew's proven skills. Confirm your supplier registration and the anti-corruption rules before every bid. Review each lost bid in a short meeting and file the lessons learned.
Extra worked example. The company bids on 25 job orders a month and wins 40% (worked-example rates, not market data), so 10 jobs. A sharper scope sheet lifts wins to 48%, giving 12 jobs, which is 2 more. At R$ 7.000 each, the gain is R$ 14.000 a month. Contribution rises from R$ 70.000 to R$ 84.000. Those 2 extra jobs lift the monthly result from R$ 10.000 to R$ 24.000 on the same yard and office.
Activity. Write a 90-day plan with one target, three actions and a review date. Present it in five minutes and take questions.
Standard to meet. Set a measurable, dated target, break the actions down small enough to start this week, and put the review date in the calendar.