Module 1 Know your customer and market 4 hAnalyse
Every sound business in technical & vocational schools begins with one clear customer and one clear problem. In São Paulo and the wider state, demand is real but crowded, so a small, well-described customer group wins before a broad one.
- In technical & vocational schools: Interview local employers: which skills do they hire for within six months?
- Write the customer in one sentence: a learner and a local employer. Add the place, the moment of need and what they use today.
- List five rivals or substitutes within reach. For each, record price, strength, weakness and how people reach it.
- Interview at least eight real customers with open questions. Record exact words, not your summary.
- Count the market in units: how many learners could one area buy in a month? Use two public sources and your own count, then take the lower figure.
- Choose one first segment and say why the others wait.
Worked example. Weak: 'Everyone needs a hands-on trade programme.' Strong: 'Our first customer is a learner and a local employer within 8 km of the centre, who today pays R$ 660 per learner and complains about delay. We target 54 learners a month by month three.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: ten customers are interviewed for technical & vocational schools. Seven say price, two say speed, one says trust. Question: which first message do you write, and which interview record backs it? Model answer: lead with the learner price and speed promise, keep trust proof as the second line, and cite the seven price answers by date.
Activity. Write the one-sentence customer, a five-row rival table and eight interview records. Share them with a peer for a challenge round.
Standard to meet. Define a specific customer, build a rival table with prices, and trace every claim to an interview or a source.
Module 2 Rules, registration and data duties in Brazil 4 hUnderstand
Brazil asks every trader to be visible and accountable. Know which register, tax regime and sector rules apply before the first sale, and check each against the current official text.
- In technical & vocational schools: Programmes should align with national technical education frameworks; confirm recognition of the certificate.
- Choose a legal form: micro-entrepreneur (MEI) only if your activity appears on the official MEI list, or a company registered with a CNPJ. Regulated activities need their sector authorisation first. Check the current limits and lists on the official portal.
- Learn the tax regime that fits your size and write down which taxes you will collect and pay, and when.
- Find the sector rules for technical & vocational schools: licences, inspections, professional registers. List each with the office that issues it and the renewal date.
- Personal data of customers falls under Brazil's data protection law (LGPD). Collect only what you need, say why, keep it safe, and name who answers questions.
- Consumer law gives buyers clear rights on information, returns and complaints. Put your terms in plain Portuguese.
Worked example. Checklist for a new technical & vocational schools trader: 1) legal form (CNPJ, or MEI only if your activity is on the official list); 2) city operating licence; 3) sector licence or register; 4) tax set-up; 5) privacy notice; 6) written terms. Each has an owner and a date.
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a neighbour says registration can wait until the first R$ 3.000 of sales. Question: what do you do? Model answer: do not delay; write the compliance table first, confirm the register, tax and sector licence with the official office, and start only where the table shows no open blocker.
Activity. Build your own six-line compliance table for your first location. Mark what is done, what is pending and who confirms it.
Standard to meet. Cite an official source for every line, assume nothing, and date every pending item. Local law always wins over this course.
Module 3 Design the offer 4 hCreate
An offer states what the customer gets, how well, by when and at what price. For a hands-on trade programme, the offer must make the quality visible and the next step easy.
- In technical & vocational schools: Plan 70% practice; each unit ends in a task done on real equipment to a standard.
- Describe the core offer in three lines: what is delivered (a hands-on trade programme), the standard it meets, and the time it takes.
- Add one proof for each promise: a sample, a test result, a guarantee or a customer record.
- Price from cost upward and from customer value downward, then pick a price inside both.
- Write a simple one-page terms sheet: what is included, what is extra, how to cancel.
- Create two options at most, so choice stays easy.
Worked example. Offer: 'A hands-on trade programme, delivered within agreed time, checked against a written standard, price R$ 600 per learner. Proof: a dated record the customer can check and sign. Changes or cancellation by written agreement before work begins.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a customer asks for a discount from R$ 600 to R$ 540 per learner. Question: decide with numbers. Model answer: contribution falls from R$ 320 to R$ 260 per learner; offer an extra of value (for example faster service) before cutting price, and accept only if the lower contribution still clears break-even.
Longer notes. Interview three employers who are hiring and ask each to describe the first week of a new hire: which machine is used, which reading is taken, which form is signed. Turn the answers into outcomes with verbs such as install, measure, diagnose and document. Lay out hours so at least half are on the shop floor, and list the equipment, consumables and safety gear per learner. Pick a class size the workshop can handle. Cost the course per learner before you announce a date. Confirm in the current technical education rules which approval, safety fittings and certificates the welding workshop needs.
Extra worked example. A welding course charges R$ 600 per learner a month. Instructor hours, gas, metal and masks cost R$ 280 per learner, so each leaves R$ 320, 53,3 percent. With 90 learners revenue is R$ 54.000 and contribution R$ 28.800; after fixed cost of R$ 25.000 for rent, machines and administration, profit is R$ 3.800. Break-even is R$ 25.000 / R$ 320 = 78,12, so 79 learners. If an employer sponsors 10 seats (a worked-example figure, not market data), those learners add 10 x R$ 320 = R$ 3.200.
Activity. Write the offer card, the proof list and the terms sheet. Test them with three customers and note every point where they hesitated.
Standard to meet. Check that promise, proof and price are consistent, fit the terms on one page, and record three customer reactions.
Module 4 Run the work step by step 5 hApply
Good operations make results repeatable. For technical & vocational schools, write each step so a new person could follow it on their first day, and measure each step.
- In technical & vocational schools: Schedule workshop time so each learner gets enough hands-on hours.
- Map the process from first contact to paid and closed. Typical stages: enquiry, quote, preparation, delivery of the learner, check, payment, follow-up.
- Name the key resource at each stage: a workshop with safe tools. Note what happens if it is missing.
- Write a one-page standard procedure per stage: who, what, tool, time, record.
- Choose three measures: speed, quality (errors per 100) and customer rating. Review them every week.
- Fix the cause of a defect, not the symptom. Ask 'why' five times and record the answer.
Worked example. Stage record: 'Prepare. Owner: lead. Time: 30 min. Tool: checklist. Record: signed sheet. Defect found on 1 of 22 learners last week; cause: missing check on a workshop with safe tools; fix: add check at start, review next Friday.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: of 90 learners last month, 5 had a defect traced to a workshop with safe tools. Question: what is the defect rate and what is your first action? Model answer: about 6 defects per 100; stop the cause (add a check at the start), correct affected customers, log the cause, and re-measure next week.
Activity. Draw the process map and write procedures for the two riskiest stages. Run each once and time it.
Standard to meet. Write procedures a stranger can follow, record weekly numbers for each measure, and trace one defect to a root cause.
Module 5 Safety, quality and risk 4 hEvaluate
The most serious risk in this field is training that never touches real equipment. A calm, written risk routine protects people first and the business second.
- In technical & vocational schools: Tool safety and workshop supervision are first; guard machines and limit group size.
- List ten things that could go wrong. Score each for how likely (1 to 5) and how serious (1 to 5). Multiply and sort.
- For the top five, choose a control: remove the hazard, replace it, guard it, train people, or use protective gear, in that order of preference.
- Write who does what in an emergency, and rehearse it once a quarter.
- Keep an incident and near-miss log. Near-misses are free lessons.
- Check that insurance and legal duties match the risk you actually carry.
Worked example. Risk row: 'Hazard: training that never touches real equipment. Likelihood 3, severity 5, score 15. Control: written check before each learner, trained staff, log sheet. Owner: site lead. Review monthly.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a near-miss occurs: training that never touches real equipment nearly happened but no one was hurt. Question: what do you do in the next 24 hours? Model answer: make safe, record the event, ask the five whys, add or tighten one control, brief the team, and set a review date; near-misses count as lessons, not blame.
Activity. Build a ten-row risk register and a one-page emergency plan. Run a ten-minute drill with a peer and note two improvements.
Standard to meet. Rank controls by preference for the top risks, run the drill, and start the log. Where a regulation applies, follow the official rule.
Module 6 People, skills and service 4 hApply
People deliver the promise. Define roles, train to a standard and give feedback in the open.
- In technical & vocational schools: Train instructors in demonstration, feedback and assessment.
- Write a role card for each person: purpose, five tasks, the standard for each, and who to ask for help.
- Train by showing, doing with support, then doing alone with a check. Record sign-off per task.
- Set service rules for answering customers: reply times, tone, how to apologise and fix.
- Hold a ten-minute team check each day: yesterday's problem, today's plan, one risk.
- Build a growth path: what a new person can do in week 1, month 3 and month 12.
Worked example. Training record: 'Task: process a complaint. Shown 2 May; done with support 4 May; done alone 8 May, checked: apology, fix, follow-up call. Signed by lead.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: a new hire completes training but a customer complaint shows a skipped step. Question: whose gap is it? Model answer: first the system: check the role card, the training sign-off and the checklist; then coach the person and fix the document so the step cannot be skipped.
Longer notes. Recruit instructors who worked in the trade within the last five years and teach them a four-step routine: demonstrate, let the learner try, correct, repeat. Open every workshop with a two-minute safety briefing at the bench and make it a rule that no one starts without it. Hire a tool technician who logs each broken item with the date and the cause. Grade skills with a practical checklist at the machine, not only with a written paper. Send each instructor to visit a workplace once a year. Call any learner who misses two sessions, and adapt explanations to mixed ages.
Extra worked example. These are worked-example figures, not market data. An instructor spends 2 days a year visiting two workplaces, costing 2 x R$ 400 = R$ 800 in class cover. Across 90 learners the visit costs R$ 800 / 90 = R$ 8,89 each. A student assistant logging tool faults 1 hour a week at R$ 25 costs R$ 100 a month, while fewer broken tools save about R$ 10 per learner, R$ 900. The tool log returns R$ 900 against R$ 100 spent, a net R$ 800 a month at the benches.
Activity. Write two role cards and a training plan for one new hire. Role-play a hard customer conversation twice and review.
Standard to meet. Write role cards with measurable standards, show the sign-off steps in training, and write the service rules in plain words.
Module 7 Money: cost, price and break-even 5 hAnalyse
A business lives or dies on a few numbers. Know your contribution per unit, your fixed costs and the volume you need.
- In technical & vocational schools: Equipment costs dominate; plan maintenance and sharing.
- Contribution per learner = price minus variable cost. Fixed costs are paid whether you sell or not.
- Break-even units = fixed cost divided by contribution. Plan to pass it by a safe margin.
- Make a 12-month cash plan. Cash timing matters as much as profit: customers may pay late, suppliers may want money first.
- Keep money for business and money for the owner apart.
- Test the plan: what if sales fall by a quarter, or cost rises by a tenth?
Worked example. Worked example, all figures in reais: price R$ 600, variable cost R$ 280, contribution R$ 320 per learner. Fixed cost R$ 25.000 a month. Break-even = R$ 25.000 / R$ 320 = 78,125, so 79 learners a month. At 90 learners a month, profit = R$ 320 x 90 - R$ 25.000 = R$ 3.800. These are teaching figures that belong to this example only; later examples and the case study use their own figures. Use your own.
Second worked scenario. Scenario: sales fall to 67 learners a month. Question: what is the monthly result? Model answer: R$ 320 x 67 - R$ 25.000 = R$ -3.560; compare with break-even of 79 learners and decide whether to cut fixed cost or raise volume first. Teaching figures only.
Activity. Build your own table: price, variable cost, contribution, fixed cost, break-even and a downside case at 75% of sales. Show it to a peer or mentor.
Standard to meet. Calculate correctly, give every figure a source or mark it as an assumption, and show a downside case.
Module 8 Grow, measure and renew 4 hEvaluate
Growth should follow proof. Measure, learn, then add; and keep returning to the customer.
- In technical & vocational schools: Grow through employer placements and tracked job outcomes.
- Pick one growth lever at a time: new customers, a higher repeat rate, a better price, or a new offer.
- Set one measurable target for 90 days, such as 'raise repeat customers from 20% to 30%'.
- Ask each customer how they found you, and record it. Spend more where the record shows results.
- Review monthly: numbers, defects, complaints, cash. Write three decisions each time.
- Plan the renewal of licences, equipment and skills a year ahead.
Worked example. 90-day plan: 'Lever: repeat customers. Action: follow-up call after every learner. Target: repeat rate from 20% to 30%. Check: weekly count. Review date: day 45 and day 90.'
Second worked scenario. Scenario: you can add 18 learners a month by one of two levers: a follow-up call to past customers or a price rise of R$ 60 to R$ 660. Question: how do you choose? Model answer: test the cheaper reversible lever first (the call), measure for 30 days, and only then try the price change, so you can tell which one worked.
Longer notes. Call graduates at three and six months and ask three things: are you employed, is the job related to the course, and which skill was missing on day one. Divide employed graduates by those reached to get placement, and note how many you failed to reach. Set low-placement courses beside strong ones and retire the weakest after two cohorts. Sit with employers once a year to update the module list. Rank workshop equipment by age and plan which piece to replace first. Report plain numbers and promise no jobs. Hold the placement figures back from the website until the current education rules on published results are read.
Extra worked example. Using worked-example figures, not market data, a course has 90 learners and 12 leave early, a dropout of 13,3 percent. After a workshop buddy system, 8 leave, 8,9 percent. You keep 4 more learners, worth 4 x R$ 320 = R$ 1.280 a month. Of 40 graduates you reach 32 after six months and 22 work in the field, 68,8 percent. After a new drawing-reading module, 27 of 34 work in the field, 79,4 percent, a gain of 10,6 points.
Activity. Write a 90-day plan with one target, three actions and a review date. Present it in five minutes and take questions.
Standard to meet. Set a measurable, dated target, break the actions down small enough to start this week, and put the review date in the calendar.