Grade 01: Hindi

In this unit, 'Letters and sounds', you learn to say and write Hindi vowels and consonants. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Letters and sounds' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: say and write Hindi vowels and consonants, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Say the first vowels: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ. Say each sound slowly: a, aa, i, ee, u, oo, e, ai, o, au. Trace each letter in the air with your finger, and draw the top line (shirorekha) last, after the letter is written.
2. Step 2, Link vowels to words. अ से अनार [A for pomegranate], आ से आम [Aa for mango], इ से इमली [I for tamarind], उ से उल्लू [U for owl]. Say the full line each time, like a chant: अ से अनार।
3. Step 3, Say the first consonants: क ख ग घ. क से कमल [K for lotus], ख से खरगोश [Kh for rabbit], ग से गमला [G for flower pot], घ से घर [Gh for house]. Notice that each consonant carries a short a sound.
4. Step 4, Write with a headline. Every letter in क, ख, ग, घ hangs from a line drawn on top, called शिरोरेखा [the headline]. Write each letter three times: क क क, ख ख ख. Then read your line aloud: कमल, खरगोश, घर.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A learner writes the letters of कमल without the top line and reads क as k with no vowel. Correction: draw the line on top of every letter, and say each consonant with its short a: ka-ma-la, then read the whole word as कमल [lotus].
6. Step 6, Your turn: say and write च छ ज with one word each. Model answer: च से चम्मच [spoon], छ से छाता [umbrella], ज से जहाज़ [ship]. Write each letter three times with its headline.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Say and write Hindi vowels and consonants: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Matras: short and long vowel signs', you learn to read words with matras. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Matras: short and long vowel signs' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read words with matras, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Meet the vowel signs on क. क (ka), का (kaa), कि (ki), की (kee), कु (ku), कू (koo), के (ke), कै (kai), को (ko), कौ (kau). The signs are matras: ा ि ी ु ू े ै ो ौ. Say each syllable aloud.
2. Step 2, Read words with long aa. काम [work], नाम [name], आम [mango], घास [grass]. The sign ा is a straight line after the letter. Compare कल [tomorrow] with काल [time]; the matra makes the sound longer.
3. Step 3, Short and long i, u. किताब [book] has the short ि, दीदी [elder sister] has the long ी, पुल [bridge] has the short ु, फूल [flower] has the long ू. The long sounds are held a little longer.
4. Step 4, Read words with e, ai, o, au. मेला [fair], तैरना [to swim], मोर [peacock], चौका [kitchen platform]. Sentence: मोर नाचता है। [The peacock dances.] Point at each matra as you read.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A learner reads कि as ik, because the short i sign is written before the letter. Correction: ि is written before but read after the consonant, so कि is ki. Write किताब and read ki-taab.
6. Step 6, Your turn: read and write the words for mango, flower and book with their matras. Model answer: आम, फूल, किताब. Then add the correct matra: प_नी (water) should be पानी, using the long aa sign.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Read words with matras: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Simple words and objects', you learn to read and write simple words. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Simple words and objects' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: read and write simple words, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Read two-letter words with no matras: जल [water], कल [tomorrow or yesterday], नल [tap], फल [fruit], घर [house], पल [a moment]. Sound out each consonant with its short a, then say the whole word smoothly.
2. Step 2, Add objects found in the classroom: कलम [pen], मेज़ [table], कुर्सी [chair], किताब [book], बस्ता [school bag]. Touch each object as you say its name, and read the label card aloud.
3. Step 3, Make sentences with है [is]. यह कलम है। [This is a pen.] वह घर है। [That is a house.] यह मेज़ है। [This is a table.] Replace the object with other words from your list.
4. Step 4, Short question and answer. यह क्या है? [What is this?] यह फल है। [This is a fruit.] वह क्या है? [What is that?] वह नल है। [That is a tap.] Ask your partner five times.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A learner writes कमल when they mean pen. Correction: कलम is pen and कमल is lotus; the letters म and ल have swapped places. Read the word aloud to check meaning: क-ल-म is pen.
6. Step 6, Your turn: write one sentence about a chair and one about a school bag. Model answer: यह कुर्सी है। यह बस्ता है। [This is a chair. This is a school bag.] Check the headline over every letter.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Read and write simple words: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

In this unit, 'Rhymes', you learn to recite short rhymes. Lessons are short and playful, with objects, pictures and talk. You see it, say it, then do it alone.

• Listen first: your teacher or a recording says the new words or sentences from 'Rhymes' twice. You repeat them aloud.
• Notice the pattern: find where the new sound, word form or sentence rule appears in a short text and mark it.
• Use it: recite short rhymes, first with help, then alone.
• Check and fix: read your work aloud once more; fix one thing you hear is wrong.

Step by step.

1. Step 1, Listen to a short rhyme I made: नन्ही चींटी, चली कतार, दाना लेकर, घर के द्वार। [The little ant walked in a line, carrying a grain to the door of home.] Clap once on each stressed word.
2. Step 2, Find the rhyming words. कतार and द्वार end with the same sound आर. Other rhyming pairs: आम and शाम, बाग and आग, पल and जल. Say each pair twice and clap the rhythm.
3. Step 3, Learn the rhyme line by line. First say नन्ही चींटी, then चली कतार. Next say दाना लेकर, then घर के द्वार। Repeat the lines slowly, then at a steady walking speed, with hands marking the beat.
4. Step 4, Add actions. For नन्ही चींटी hold up a tiny finger. For चली कतार march on the spot. For दाना लेकर pretend to lift a grain. For घर के द्वार point to a door. Recite together as a group.
5. Step 5, Fix an error. A child says दाना लेकर, कतार चली, changing the line order and losing the rhyme. Correction: keep the order नन्ही चींटी, चली कतार so that कतार and द्वार end the pair of lines.
6. Step 6, Your turn: make a two-line rhyme using आम and शाम. Model answer: मीठा आम, खाऊँ सुबह-शाम। [Sweet mango, I eat it morning and evening.] Recite it three times with a clap.

Activity. About 20 to 30 minutes of class work, then one short practice task for home. Keep evidence: one page in your learning book.

Standard to meet. Recite short rhymes: at least 4 of 5 attempts correct, said or written, with one real example from home or school.

On the slide: L1 Basic · Greetings and first words

Notes: Greet people politely, say your name and name five family members in Hindi. Notes: teach नमस्ते (namaste, hello) and मेरा नाम ... है (mera naam ... hai, my name is ...) by ear; learners greet a partner and point to family photos while saying each word.

This course: Grade 01 Hindi is at this level. Its units include Letters and sounds; Matras: short and long vowel signs; Simple words and objects; Rhymes.

On the slide: L2 Awareness · The Devanagari script

Notes: Recognise the vowels and first consonants of Devanagari and copy them neatly under the top line. Notes: show how letters hang from a horizontal line, then write क (ka) with correct stroke order; learners find it in three printed words and read each one aloud.

On the slide: L3 Foundation · Simple sentences and postpositions

Notes: Read and write short sentences with verb at the end and use postpositions such as में (in) and पर (on). Notes: model किताब मेज़ पर है (kitaab mez par hai, the book is on the table); learners make five sentences about a classroom and draw each one.

On the slide: L4 Practitioner · Daily conversation and tenses

Notes: Hold a short conversation about daily life using present, past and future tenses with correct gender agreement. Notes: contrast वह जाता है (he goes) with वह जाती है (she goes); learners ask a partner what they did yesterday, then write six sentences marking each verb ending.

On the slide: L5 Specialist · Reading, writing and register

Notes: Read a news article and write a formal letter of about 200 words, choosing between polite and casual forms. Notes: compare आप, तुम and तू (you, three levels of respect) in one dialogue; learners rewrite it for a teacher, a friend and a child.

On the slide: L6 Advanced · Literature and linguistics

Notes: Analyse a Hindi poem or story for theme, form and vocabulary origins, and write a critical essay in Hindi. Notes: use a short poem; learners sort ten words into Sanskrit-derived, Persian-derived and English-derived, then argue in 500 words how word choice shapes tone.

On the slide: L7 Super expert · Research, translation and teaching

Notes: Design a research or translation project on Hindi language or literature, justify the method and present findings to peers. Notes: pick a topic such as code-switching in advertising; collect forty examples, classify them, discuss limits of the sample, and have a fluent reviewer check every claim.